Hexdump

Bytes in the classic xxd -C layout, demoing the p/moul/x/daily/hexdump library.

A plain string

00000000  48 65 6c 6c 6f 2c 20 67  6e 6f 2e 6c 61 6e 64 21  |Hello, gno.land!|

Hello, gno.land! → 16 bytes.

Alignment on a partial line

The last line is short, so the hex columns are padded and the ASCII gutter stays put — that alignment is the whole point of the layout.

00000000  30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37  38 39 61 62 63 64 65 66  |0123456789abcdef|
00000010  68 69                                             |hi|

0123456789abcdefhi → 18 bytes.

What a rendered string hides

These two look identical in any UI:

• "hi"
• "hi " — one trailing space

00000000  68 69                                             |hi|

hi → 2 bytes.

00000000  68 69 20                                          |hi |

hi → 3 bytes.

Multi-byte UTF-8

"café" is 5 bytes, not 4: é is c3 a9. Non-printables render as ..

00000000  63 61 66 c3 a9                                    |caf..|

café → 5 bytes.

Control characters

A NUL, a newline and a tab are invisible in text and obvious here.

00000000  00 0a 09 6f 6b                                    |...ok|

5 bytes.